An Assessment of the Social Determinants of Participation in Energy Efficiency Programs in Alaskan Native Homes

Energy burden, that is, the percentage of household income spent on energy utilities including heat and electricity per year, remains a major concern for low-income households in the US. High energy burden is estimated as more than 6% of household income. Energy efficiency programs are major strategies used to address energy burden for low-income communities. Despite their potential to reduce energy cost, the adoption of energy efficiency programs remains low. Also, anecdotal evidence suggests that some energy efficiency measures are not being used by homeowners as expected. This study systematically reviews literature on the social determinants of the use of energy efficiency programs using national reports, journal articles, and conference proceedings. Also, the paper applies a framework from the literature review to an Alaskan community using interview data (n = 40). Preliminary findings from the literature review showed five major themes: communication of logistics, social behaviors, financial benefits, indoor environmental quality, and pro-environmental attitudes. However, the qualitative study indicated that majority of people in Alaska communities have limited experience with energy efficiency programs. Poor communication of logistics was another key barrier to participation. Energy efficiency organizations should therefore improve advertising strategies and simplify application processes, if possible, to encourage participation in Alaska communities.