Impact of Direct Radar Reflectivity Data Assimilation on the Simulation of Mesoscale Descending Inflow and Secondary Eyewall Formation in Hurricane Matthew (2016)

The impact of assimilating ground-based radar reflectivity on the rainband structure and secondary eyewall formation (SEF) of Hurricane Matthew (2016) is investigated within the framework of the Hurricane Weather Research and Forecasting model and its hybrid three-dimensional ensemble-variational data assimilation (DA) system. Compared to the control experiment (no radar reflectivity DA), the radar reflectivity DA experiment shows a clear signal of concentric eyewall and eyewall replacement cycle. Results demonstrate that radar reflectivity DA improves the stratiform rainband analysis, resulting in the mid-level cooling associated with mesoscale descending inflow (MDI). The MDI further contributes to the low-level acceleration maximum with boundary layer dynamics and triggers new convective updrafts in the SEF region. Momentum budget analysis also suggests that the mean vertical advection of absolute angular momentum plays an important role in the local momentum tendency in the SEF region in Hurricane Matthew (2016). Plain Language Summary The impact of assimilating radar reflectivity on the secondary eyewall formation (SEF) of Hurricane Matthew (2016) is investigated within the framework of the Hurricane Weather Research and Forecasting model and its hybrid three-dimensional ensemble-variational data assimilation (DA) system. Compared to the control experiment (no radar reflectivity DA), the radar reflectivity DA experiment shows a clear signal of secondary eyewall and eyewall replacement cycle. Results demonstrate that radar reflectivity DA improves the stratiform rainband analysis, resulting in mesoscale descending inflow (MDI). The MDI further contributes to the low-level tangential wind increase in boundary layer and triggers new convective updrafts in the SEF region. Results also suggests that the mean vertical advection of absolute angular momentum plays an important role in the local momentum tendency in the SEF region in Hurricane Matthew (2016).