X-ray pulsar observation signals simulation method at the spacecraft in near-Earth space

The near-Earth space holds significant strategic value, and X-ray pulsar-based navigation in this region can diversify navigation methods, enhancing the safety and autonomy of spacecraft. Due to the challenges and high costs associated with obtaining actual measurements of pulsars in near-Earth space, the simulation technology for X-ray pulsar signals in this region can provide input for demonstrating the feasibility of technical solutions and experiments related to the application of X-ray pulsar-based navigation in near-Earth space. Therefore, this paper proposes a method for simulating X-ray signals in near-Earth space. Firstly, a scale transforming method is employed to generate a photon arrival time sequence at the spacecraft that includes energy information. Subsequently, the atmospheric transmittance model is utilized for photon selection, obtaining a sequence of photons that have passed through the atmosphere after absorption. Finally, experimental validation of the proposed algorithm is conducted using Crab pulsar data measured by the Insight-HXMT. The similarity between the simulated data and the measured data is evaluated in terms of profiles, phases, and energy spectra. Simulation experiments demonstrate that the time delay estimation error caused by the simulation algorithm is less than 17.17 us. When the observation tangent point altitude is in the range of 160 km to 180 km, the Pearson correlation coefficient of the profiles between simulated and measured data is 73.74 %. The Pearson residuals of the energy spectra are evenly distributed between -0.2 and 0.2, indicating a good level of similarity between the two. (c) 2024 COSPAR. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.