Dietary intake of Perfluorooctanesulfonic acid (PFOS) and glucose homeostasis parameters in a non-diabetic senior population

Background: Endocrine disruptors (EDs) have emerged as potential contributors to the development of type -2 diabetes. Perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS), is one of these EDs linked with chronic diseases and gathered attention due to its widespread in food. Objective: To assess at baseline and after 1 -year of follow-up associations between estimated dietary intake (DI) of PFOS, and glucose homeostasis parameters and body -mass -index (BMI) in a senior population of 4600 nondiabetic participants from the PREDIMED-plus study. Methods: Multivariable linear regression models were conducted to assess associations between baseline PFOS-DI at lower bound (LB) and upper bound (UB) established by the EFSA, glucose homeostasis parameters and BMI. Results: Compared to those in the lowest tertile, participants in the highest tertile of baseline PFOS-DI in LB and UB showed higher levels of HbA1c [ beta -coefficient(CI)] [0.01 %(0.002 to 0.026), and [0.06 mg/dL(0.026 to 0.087), both p -trend <= 0.001], and fasting plasma glucose in the LB PFOS-DI [1.05 mg/dL(0.050 to 2.046),ptrend = 0.022]. Prospectively, a positive association between LB of PFOS-DI and BMI [0.06 kg/m 2 (0.014 to 0.106) per 1 -SD increment of energy -adjusted PFOS-DI was shown. Participants in the top tertile showed an increase in HOMA-IR [0.06(0.016 to 0.097), p -trend = 0.005] compared to participants in the reference tertile after 1 -year of follow-up. Discussion: This is the first study to explore the association between DI of PFOS and glucose homeostasis. In this study, a high baseline DI of PFOS was associated with a higher levels of fasting plasma glucose and HbA1c and with an increase in HOMA-IR and BMI after 1 -year of follow-up.