Post-stroke dizziness, depression and anxiety

ObjectiveVestibular and psychiatric disorders are very closely related. Previous research shows that the discomfort and dysfunction caused by dizziness in patients can affect psychological processes, leading to anxiety and depression, and the irritation of anxiety and depression can aggravate the discomfort of dizziness. But the causal relationship between dizziness in the recovery period of stroke and Post-stroke depression (PSD) / Post-stroke anxiety (PSA) is not clear. Identifying the causal relationship between them can enable us to conduct more targeted treatments.MethodsWe review the epidemiology and relationship of dizziness, anxiety, and depression, along with the related neuroanatomical basis. We also review the pathophysiology of dizziness after stroke, vestibular function of patients experiencing dizziness, and the causes and mechanisms of PSD and PSA. We attempt to explore the possible relationship between post-stroke dizziness and PSD and PSA.ConclusionThe treatment approach for post-stroke dizziness depends on its underlying cause. If the dizziness is a result of PSD and PSA, addressing these psychological factors may alleviate the dizziness. This can be achieved through targeted treatments for PSD and PSA, such as psychotherapy, antidepressants, or anxiolytics, which could indirectly improve dizziness symptoms. Conversely, if PSA and PSD are secondary to vestibular dysfunction caused by stroke, a thorough vestibular function assessment is crucial. Identifying the extent of vestibular impairment allows for tailored interventions. These could include vestibular rehabilitation therapy and medication aimed at vestibular restoration. By improving vestibular function, secondary symptoms like anxiety and depression may also be mitigated.