Numerical and experimental analysis of magneto-convective flows around pipes

Liquid metal flows exposed to intense magnetic fields play a fundamental role in the development of blankets for nuclear fusion reactors, where they serve to produce the plasma -fuel component tritium and transport the generated heat. When the liquid metal circulates in the blanket, it interacts with the plasma-confining magnetic field leading to the induction of electric currents. Electromagnetic forces and thermal buoyancy affect significantly velocity and pressure distributions. The resulting magneto-convective flow has peculiar features that have to be taken into account in order to evaluate heat transfer properties in the liquid metal. In the breeding zone of the water-cooled lead lithium blanket concept, the volumetric heat released in the liquid metal is removed by water-cooled circular pipes that represent obstacles for the liquid metal flow. In order to improve the understanding of the underlying physical phenomena and obtain a database for code validation, model experiments have been performed to investigate magneto-convective flow and heat transfer at two differentially heated parallel horizontal tubes immersed in a box filled with liquid metal. Among other properties, electric potential has been recorded on the surface of the test-section and compared with 3D numerical simulations. Computational results provide the basis for interpretation of the measured data, since they allow differentiating between flow-induced electric potential and thermoelectric effects.