Driving Agricultural Transformation: Unraveling Key Factors Shaping IoT Adoption in Smart Farming with Empirical Insights

The Internet of Things (IoT) holds immense potential for the social and economic development of developing countries, as recognized by academia and professionals. However, there is a notable lack of theoretical research on IoT adoption within agricultural settings. To address this gap, this study introduces a model focusing on nine critical "Technology-Organization-Environment" (TOE) factors. Empirical validation was conducted using data from 179 managers in diverse agricultural organizations. The research model was evaluated by using "Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling" (PLS-SEM). The results underscored the significance of governmental support and technological compatibility in driving IoT adoption. Moreover, financial considerations within organizations and the evolving digital landscape were identified as key influencers of smart farm adoption. This study offers valuable insights with significant implications for sustainable IoT adoption in research and practical applications.