Pre-trained molecular representations enable antimicrobial discovery

The rise in antimicrobial resistance poses a worldwide threat, reducing the efficacy of common antibiotics. Yet, determining the antimicrobial activity of new chemical compounds through experimental methods is still a time-consuming and costly endeavor. Compound-centric deep learning models hold the promise to speed up the search and prioritization process. Here, we introduce a lightweight computational strategy for antimicrobial discovery that builds on MolE (Molecular representation through redundancy reduced Embedding). MolE is a non-contrastive self-supervised Graph Neural Network framework that leverages unlabeled chemical structures to learn task-independent molecular representations. By combining a pre-trained MolE representation with experimentally validated compound-bacteria activity data, we build an antimicrobial prediction model that re-discovers recently reported growth-inhibitory compounds that are structurally distinct from current antibiotics. Using the model as a compound prioritization strategy, we identify and experimentally confirm three human-targeted drugs as growth-inhibitors of Staphylococcus aureus , highlighting MolE's potential to accelerate the discovery of new antibiotics. ### Competing Interest Statement The authors have declared no competing interest.