Breaking Abbe's diffraction limit with harmonic deactivation microscopy
arxiv(2024)
摘要
Nonlinear optical microscopy provides elegant means for label-free imaging of
biological samples and condensed matter systems. The widespread areas of
application could even be increased if resolution was improved, which is
currently limited by the famous Abbe diffraction limit. Super-resolution
techniques can break the diffraction limit but rely on fluorescent labeling.
This makes them incompatible with (sub-)femtosecond temporal resolution and
applications that demand the absence of labeling. Here, we introduce harmonic
deactivation microscopy (HADES) for breaking the diffraction limit in
non-fluorescent samples. By controlling the harmonic generation process on the
quantum level with a second donut-shaped pulse, we confine the third harmonic
generation to three times below the original focus size and use this pulse for
scanning microscopy. We demonstrate that resolution improvement by deactivation
is more efficient for higher harmonic orders, and only limited by the maximum
applicable deactivation-pulse fluence. This provides a route towards sub-100 nm
resolution in a regular nonlinear microscope. The new capability of label-free
super-resolution can find immediate applications in condensed matter physics,
semiconductor metrology, and biomedical imaging.
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