Secular trends in sleep and circadian problems among adolescents: From 2011 to 2012 to 2017–2019
Sleep Medicine(2024)
Abstract
Objective
The study aimed to investigate secular trends of sleep and circadian problems in Hong Kong Chinese adolescents.
Methods
This study analyzed cross-sectional data from two large-scale school-based sleep surveys conducted in 2011–2012 and 2017–2019. Sleep and circadian problems, including sleep-wake pattern, insomnia, chronotype, social jetlag, daytime sleepiness, and other sleep-related factors, were compared between two survey years.
Results
A total of 8082 adolescents (5639 students in 2011–2012 [Mean age: 14.4 years, 50.9% boys] and 2443 students in 2017–2019 [Mean age: 14.7 years, 54.0% boys]) were included in this 7-year study. The average time in bed of Hong Kong adolescents decreased from 8.38 h to 8.08 h from 2011 to 2012 to 2017–2019. There was a 0.28-h delay in weekday bedtime, 0.54-h advance in weekend wake-up time, and a 0.36-h decline in average time in bed, resulting in increased trends of sleep loss (Time in bed <8h: OR = 2.06, 95%CI: 1.44–2.93, p < 0.01; Time in bed <7h: OR = 2.73, 95%CI: 1.92–3.89, p < 0.01), daytime sleepiness (OR = 1.70, 95%CI: 1.34–2.16, p < 0.01), and evening chronotype (OR = 1.26, 95%CI: 1.08–1.48, p < 0.01). The increased trend in insomnia disorder, however, was insignificant when covariates were adjusted.
Discussion
A secular trend of reduced time in bed, delay in weekday bedtime, advance in weekend wake-up time, increase in evening chronotype and daytime sleepiness from 2011 to 2012 to 2017–2019 were observed. There is a timely need for systematic intervention to promote sleep health in adolescents.
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Key words
Adolescent,Sleep duration,Time in bed,Insomnia,Chronotype,Social jetlag,Secular trend
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