Observed soil arching-induced ground deformation and stress redistribution behind braced excavation

This paper presents observed arching-induced ground deformation and stress redistribution behind braced excavation using the top-down construction method. The soil properties around the excavation were determined by laboratory and field tests. The ground deformation, soil displacement vector, strain path, principal strain, maximum shear strain, lateral earth pressure, pore water pressure, and effective stress path are presented based on the measured data. The majority of soil behind the wall is under volumetric expansion, indicating consolidation, creep behavior, or a combination of both. Besides, two periods of increases in pore pressure are observed, due to stress transfer from the lower to the upper parts (i.e. soil arching effect). The deep inward movement of the wall and the nearby soil accounts for the distribution of lateral earth pressure acting on the wall. The soil located behind the area of maximum wall deformation and adjacent to the wall, as well as the soil below the excavation base intersected by the shear plane, is in an active stress state. The lateral earth pressure at 5 m from the left excavation wall showed minimal changes, due to the combined effects of soil arching from lateral excavation and shield tunneling.