Energy absorption and dissipation characteristic of FG honeycomb reinforced laminate embedded with viscoelastic material in hygrothermal conditions under low-velocity impact

A novelty FG honeycomb-reinforced laminate (FGHRL) with viscoelastic material is constructed for an industrial exoskeleton. The study examines how FGHRL dissipates energy under hygrothermal conditions. Low-velocity impacts on the exoskeleton's load-bearing structure are simulated using a spherical object. Parameters for the FGHRL, made of a two-phase material, are estimated using the Halpin-Tsai model and macroscopically uniform theory. In-plane deformations are determined using Reddy's HSDT, while the impact response is evaluated with Newmark-beta and Wilson-theta methods. Energy dissipation properties are calculated using the energy balance model, validated through CUF-based FEM and LS-DYNA explicit solution, and factors influencing energy dissipation are investigated.