T cell help in the tumor microenvironment enhances rituximab-mediated NK cell ADCC
Blood(2024)
摘要
Rituximab (RTX) and other monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) that bind directly to malignant cells are of great clinical value but are not effective for all patients. A major mechanism of action of RTX is antibody dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) mediated by NK cells. Prior in vitro studies in our laboratory demonstrated that T cells contribute to maintaining the viability and cytotoxic potential of NK cells activated by anti-CD20-coated target B cells. Here, we conducted studies using a novel mouse model and clinical correlative analysis to assess whether T cell help contributes to RTX-mediated NK cell ADCC in the tumor microenvironment (TME) in vivo. A humanized mouse model was developed using Raji lymphoma cells and normal donor peripheral blood mononuclear cells that allows for control of T cell numbers in the lymphoma TME. In this model, NK cell viability, CD16 and CD25 expression dropped following RTX in the absence of T cells but increased in the presence of T cells. RTX therapy was more effective when T cells were present and was ineffective when NK cells were depleted. In indolent lymphoma patients, fine needle aspirates were obtained prior to and approximately one week after treatment with a RTX-containing regimen. There was a strong correlation between CD4+ T cells as well as total T cells in the pre-therapy TME, and an increase in NK cell CD16 and CD25 expression following RTX. We conclude that T cell help in the TME enhances RTX-mediated NK cell viability and ADCC.
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