Bio-sourced Hydroxyapatite is better bioactive than its synthetic grade: A comparative assessment of Ti and Zn doped Hydroxyapatite derived from Bio and synthetic sources

To meet everyday food requirements with an ever-increasing population in the world, a huge amount of Eggshell waste is given rise everywhere from household kitchens to various food processing units. Eggshell contains a large amount of calcium compound. In this study, two different kinds of Hydroxyapatite (HAp), one from different laboratory reagents and the other one from eggshell have been synthesized. 3% Titanium and Zinc doped variants have also been made for both kinds of Hydroxyapatite. The prepared powder samples were calcined at 800°C and pellets were formed by applying pressure. A comparative analysis of these two different sourced products has been made by analyzing physical properties (Density, apparent porosity, hardness), a functional group study (FTIR). The elemental configuration of all materials was confirmed by the EDAX study. XRD analysis revealed the lattice parameters of the pure product has been suffered a little bit with the doping agents. SEM images showed a significant amount of porosity and nodular grains of HAp. Cytotoxic analysis and MTT assay established the non-toxic nature of all compounds, In vitro SBF study showed apatite layer formation above the pellet surfaces of different grades and Ti-doped samples gained the maximum amount of apatite.