Integrating Passive and Active Remote Sensing Data with Spatial Filters for Urban Growth Analysis in Urmia, Iran

Active remote sensing and related technologies are one of the new tools recently used to monitor complications and urban growth. This research aims to investigate the effect of spatial filters on urban complications. The aim of this paper is to compare Lee, Frost and Average spatial filters with Landsat 8 satellite images and radar images with HH/HV polarization to investigate and identify urban features in the west of Urmia City. The results showed that Filterelli with the kernel 3 x 3 had reduced the spike noise in Alus Palsard satellite radar images in identifying the growth of urban tolls. Also, the results of K-means classification, the Lee filter with kernel size 3 x 3 more accurately identifies the urban features of the west of Urmia City. The kappa coefficient was 0.96%, and the overall accuracy of this filter was 97.36%. Therefore, Lee’s spatial filter has successfully identified the urban features of west Urmia with high accuracy. This system can be implemented in any other field due to its generality and reliability. This system may be a step towards remote sensing automation.