Application of MWPC based muography in geophysics, experiments and planning

Muography uses cosmic ray muons to image the inner structure of largeobjects like geological formations or artificial buildings.Cosmic muons have wide energy spectrum, while their slow energy loss isproportional to the density and length of the traversed rock.Counting these muons one measures the absorption of the overburden rock,images its inner density structure and reveals anomalies (eg: ore, caves,tunnels).This multidisciplinary technology requires expertise in particlephysics instrumentation, geological knowledge, and industrial design,to became a novel tool for geophysical surveys.In the last decade several research groups started on various methodsto develop and demonstrate its practical usability.The Innovative Gaseous Detector R&D Group in the Wigner RCP in Hungary isa well-known team of the muography community that focuses ontechnological advancement and applications. The group has used thismeasurement technique in a number of mining, archaeological, andspeleological investigations. I will present the series ofmeasurements made for these subsurface applications with the results andpractical experiences of our group.The success of any measurement is based on the right plan,especially in muography, where devices are mounted into hardly-accessibleterritories while measurements take up to several weeks or months.Choosing the most suitable muograph type and geometry, andestimate the required measurement time for expected anomalies areessential. While in practice it is usually done by experience and educatedguess, for new challenges and complex structure it requires mathematicalmodeling and computation, that could even be used to planning fortomographic inversion series.I will present the developed model for the direct problem,verify it with laboratory measurements and underground raw data as well.