KMT2C and KMT2D aberrations in breast cancer
TRENDS IN CANCER(2024)
Abstract
KMT2C and KMT2D are histone lysine methyltransferases responsible for the monomethylation of histone 3 lysine 4 (H3K4) residues at gene enhancer sites. KMT2C / D are the most frequently mutated histone methyltransferases (HMTs) in breast cancer, occurring at frequencies of 10-20% collectively. Frequent damaging and truncating somatic mutations indicate a tumour-suppressive role of KMT2C/D in breast oncogenesis. Recent studies using cell lines and mouse models to replicate KMT2C / D loss show that these genes contribute to oestrogen receptor (ER)driven transcription in ER + breast cancers through the priming of gene enhancer regions. This review provides an overview of the functions of KMT2C/D and outlines the recent clinical and experimental evidence of the roles of KMT2C and KMT2D in breast cancer development.
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Key words
histone lysine methyltransferases,KMT2C,KMT2D,breast cancer,chromatin remodelling,enhancers
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