Neovaginal cancer after sigmoid vaginoplasty: Implications for postoperative cancer surveillance

Background Intestinal vaginoplasty can be performed as vaginal reconstruction procedure. Aa pedicled intestinal segment is isolated and transferred to the (neo)vaginal cavity to form the neovaginal lining. Case A 38-year old patient with Fanconi anemia and congenital vaginal absence, who underwent sigmoid vaginoplasty at the age of one, visited the outpatient clinic with a palpable neovaginal mass. At MRI examination, a neovaginal tumor was observed of approximately 25 × 10 mm without lymphadenopathy, which turned out to be a mucinous adenocarcinoma (T3N0M0). She underwent excision of the total mesocolon, including the sigmoid neovagina, coloanal anastomosis and anus. Summary and Conclusion Postoperative cancer surveillance seems justified after sigmoid vaginoplasty, even more so in patients with a (genetically) high risk of developing cancer and/or with a history of malignancy.