Principle of building heat storage and its design parameters

Building energy saving is an important aspect of reducing the total energy consumption of society. Excessive reliance on heating and air conditioning equipment will not only produce a lot of energy consumption, but also be not conducive to human health. It is an important responsibility of architects to make the indoor environment meet the thermal comfort requirements of the human body under natural conditions as much as possible through architectural design. In this process, it is the key to improve the thermal performance of buildings and make full use of natural resources. The heat storage process is a natural phenomenon accompanied by the heat transfer process. Building heat storage is the key to the independent control on the indoor thermal environment. The thermal characteristics of building materials and structures and the periodic changes of external environments are the fundamental reasons for building heat storage. The building heat storage process, including the absorption, storage and release of the heat, is the core of coping with the periodic unstable heat action, and can solve the problem of the mismatch of the spatial and temporal distribution of the heat in the building, which is of great significance for the building thermal engineering design and energy saving design. Building thermal storage is mainly through the way of architectural design and planning, the "peak cutting and valley filling" effect of building components is coupled with other factors, so as to maximize the regulation effect of building on heat flow and realize the optimization of indoor thermal environments. In this review, the related concepts of building heat storage are analyzed, and similar concepts, such as "building heat storage" and "envelope heat storage", "thermal preservation" and "thermal insulation", "thermal inertia", "thermal mass" and "thermal inertia index", are distinguished. The function principle and basic model of building heat storage are summarized. The "double high trough temperature wave" effect formed by multi-process transmission and transformation of anisotropic solar radiation is revealed, and the "double low peak temperature wave" effect formed by various thermal effects of component heat storage, natural ventilation and longwave radiation cooling is proposed. And it put forward the index parameters that can characterize the heat storage capacity of the building system. By digging the historical development background of the related problems of heat storage and combing the relevant research status, the existing problems in building heat storage in our country are summarized. The application potential of building heat storage varies significantly under different climate conditions, so it is urgent to apply the relevant climate index to the thermal design zoning of buildings. The building thermal design excessively pursues the higher index of components, but in fact, the overall performance of the building is lower, so it is urgent to build a comprehensive index system of thermal design represented by building heat storage. It is also urgent to strengthen the basic theoretical research of building heat storage and intensify the connection between building heat storage and building design.