Diabetes distress and diabetes burnout explored in various areas of life in patients with type 1 diabetes: effect of short-term psychological intervention

Diabetes distress (DD) and diabetes burnout (DB) are recognized psychological phenomena in patients with T1DM (type 1 diabetes mellitus). Still, there is an urgent need to create professional psychological intervention procedures to provide patients with adequate care. The aim of the study was to assess the level of DD and DB in T1DM patients at baseline and after 5 of sessions psychological intervention in the group of participants who applied for help. 34 T1DM patients who requested psychological support (22 females, 12 males) and 30 patients in a control group (14 females, 16 males) participated in the study. At baseline clinical test results between groups were compared. Next, in the studied group measurements were repeated after a set of five psychological face-to-face individual interventions which lasted 30–60 min each. They were support sessions with elements of cognitive-behavioral interventions done by clinical psychologists. Session 1: introduction, interview and collection of test results; session 2–4: work on the indicated by the patient and test results most problematic aspect of diabetes, session 5: a summary and plan for further treatment if needed. The control group results were obtained only at baseline. Research tools: DDS; PAID, Diabetes Burnout test by Polonsky. At the baseline, significant differences were observed between the studied group and control group: in DB/DD levels: DB (3.9 ± 1.7 vs 2.4 ± 1.6; p < 0.001); DDS (3.2 ± 1.0 vs 2.7 ± 1.0; p = 0.064); PAID (62.3 ± 14.1vs 34.4 ± 21.0; p < 0.001). There were also group differences in HbA1c levels (8.7 ± 2.4 vs 7.3 ± 1.5; p = 0.028). After psychological interventions, there was a significant improvement in DB (3.9 ± 1.7vs 2.9 ± 1.2; p < 0.001; DDS (3.2 ± 1 vs 3.0 ± 0.7; p = 0.03); PAID (62.3 ± 14.1 vs 51.8 ± 12.5; p < 0.001). DD and DB constitute a significant problem in the group of T1DM patients, but providing appropriate specialist care may help them accept diabetes and improve life satisfaction, as well as regain control over their diabetes management.