The global contribution of crystal boundaries and bio-physical characteristics in the understanding of cellular interaction of fibroblasts with the nanoscale surface

The primary objective here is to underscore the significance of high percentage of crystal boundaries (>50%) of a nanocrystalline (NC) surface in understanding the cellular interaction of fibroblasts with the NC surface of biomedical stainless steel. The favourable cellular functions on the NC surface as compared to the conventional microcrystalline (MC) surface with similar to 2-3% crystal boundaries are related to the bio-physical characteristics of the crystalline surface. The unveiling of bio-physical characteristics in terms of crystal boundaries is one of the relevant aspects that provides an understanding of the preferred biological functions, notably, cell adhesion, spread and synthesis of proteins on the NC surface in relation to the MC counterpart.