Temporal relaxation of disordered many-body quantum systems under driving and dissipation
arxiv(2024)
摘要
Strong disorder inhibits thermalization in isolated quantum systems and may
lead to many-body localization (MBL). In realistic situations, however, the
observation of MBL is hindered by residual couplings of the system to an
environment, which acts as a bath and pushes the system to thermal equilibrium.
This paper is concerned with the transient dynamics prior to thermalization and
studies how the relaxation of a disordered system is altered under the
influence of external driving and dissipation. We consider a scenario where a
disordered quantum spin chain is placed into a strong magnetic field that
polarizes the system. By suddenly removing the external field, a nonequilibrium
situation is induced and the decay of magnetization probes the degree of
localization. We show that by driving the system with light, one can
distinguish between different dynamical regimes as the spins are more or less
susceptible to the drive depending on the strength of the disorder. We provide
evidence that some of these signatures remain observable at intermediate time
scales even when the spin chain is subject to noise due to coupling to an
environment. From a numerical point of view, we demonstrate that the
open-system dynamics starting from a class of experimentally relevant mixed
initial states can be efficiently simulated by combining dynamical quantum
typicality with stochastic unraveling of Lindblad master equations.
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