Robustness of the synergistic partial-denitrification, anammox, and fermentation process for treating domestic and nitrate wastewaters under fluctuating C/N ratios
Journal of Environmental Management(2024)
Abstract
The synergistic partial-denitrification, anammox, and fermentation (SPDAF) process presents a promising solution to treat domestic and nitrate wastewaters. However, its capability to handle fluctuating C/N ratios (the ratios of COD to total inorganic nitrogen) in practical applications remains uncertain. In this study, the SPDAF process was operated for 236 days with C/N ratios of 0.7-3.5, and a high and stable efficiency of nitrogen removal (84.9 +/- 7.8%) was achieved. The denitrification and anammox contributions were 6.1 +/- 7.1% and 93.9 +/- 7.1%, respectively. Batch tests highlighted the pivotal role of in situ fermentation at low biodegradable chemical oxygen demand (BCOD)/NO3- ratios. As the BCOD/NO3- ratios increased from 0 to 6, the NH4+ and NO3- removal rates increased, while the anammox contribution decreased from 100% to 80.1% but remained the primary pathway of nitrogen removal. The cooperation and balanced growth of denitrifying bacteria, anammox bacteria, and fermentation bacteria contributed to the system's robustness under fluctuating C/N ratios.
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Key words
Nitrogen removal,Anammox,Partial denitrification,In situ fermentation,Fluctuant C/N ratios
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