The Mechanism of Chemical and Physical Intervention on Prevention and Treatment of Alzheimer's Disease

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a common central neurodegenerative disease characterized by progressive cognitive impairment and memory loss. It has become one of the most serious problems in geriatric medicine with a large number of incidences and a wide range of effects. Clinical drug treatment of AD has limited effects, and there are certain limitations and side effects. At present, the treatment methods of chemical and physical intervention for AD are gradually attracting people's attention. Olfactory intervention stimulated by odor or electrode can enhance excitability and synaptic transmission of olfactory neurons. Therapy of photobiomodulation can raise cerebral blood flow, promote nerve excitation and neuronal plasticity. Photothermal therapy can be used to decompose of A beta aggregates.. oscillations induced by 40 Hz audiovisual stimulation is mainly targeted to decrease amyloid plaques. Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) and transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) regulate neuronal activity and excitability in the brain by directly inducing action potentials and increasing the resting membrane potential of cortical neurons, respectively. Transcranial alternating current stimulation (tACS) modulates cognitive function through entrainment and resonance effects that bring large populations of neurons into local oscillating networks. Exposure to a thermoneutral environment can reduce insoluble A beta while repeated short-term cold exposure at 4. can block hypothermia-induced Tau hyperphosphorylation. Studies have shown that chemical and physical intervention such as olfactory intervention, light therapy, electrical brain stimulation, acoustic and optical stimulation, temperature intervention can improve metabolism by improving neurogenesis, neuroprotection, neuronal excitability, neuronal plasticity, cerebral blood flow, reducing A beta deposition and Tau hyperphosphorylation to improve AD symptoms and cognitive function. This article reviews the mechanism and efficacy of different physical interventions on AD, so as to provide a theoretical basis for the implementation of physical interventions to prevent and delay AD.