Sources of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Landscape Components in the Zone Affected by the Gorlovo Anthracite Deposit

The content and composition of 19 priority polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) in the rocks and soils of dumps, mushrooms growing on them (Verpa bohemica and Suillus luteus), as well as infiltrated and thawed snow waters on the territory of the Gorlovo anthracite deposit were evaluated. It is shown that the main source of PAH in the components of technogenic and adjacent natural landscapes of the deposit are fine coal particles and products of their transformation of non -pyrogenic nature. The flux of PAH into the components of the environment occurs due to: 1) dust fallout near the road along which the extracted coal is transported; 2) transformation of anthracite inclusions in the upper horizons of coal -bearing soils of dumps; 3) migration of transformation products with infiltrated waters. A distinctive feature of the composition of PAH in the samples of the studied objects is the predominance of light PAH (LPAH) in rocks and coals and heavy PAH (HPAH) in infiltrated and thawed snow waters. The composition of the polyarenes of rocks is dominated by PHE (phenanthrene) > FLT (fluoranthene) > NAP (naphthalene), waters - FLT > PYR (pyrene) > CHR (chrysene). The composition of PAH of soils depends on the presence of coal inclusions. For carbonaceous soils, the predominant polyarenes are FLT > PYR > PHE = CHR. With depth in soils, the composition of PAHs changes and becomes close to the composition of soil -forming rocks. Mushrooms have a selective ability to absorb PAH. Regardless of the presence of coal in the soils on which the mushrooms grow, the predominant compounds are FLT for V. bohemica and PHE for S. luteus. Based on the results of the analysis of the principal components, as well as the correlation of the priority PAH indices with their total content and the content of carcinogenic polyarenes, it has been found that the most representative ratios for assessing the impact of technogenic sources associated with anthracite extraction and transportation are PHE/(PHE + CHR) and Sigma LPAH/Sigma HPAH.