Introduction to the parton and hadron cascade model PACIAE 3.0

We develop a parton and hadron cascade model PACIAE 3.0 based on PYTHIA 6.428 and the PACIAE 2.2 program series for nuclear collisions. The original simulation framework composed of the initial partonic state, the partonic rescattering stage, hadronization stage, and the hadronic rescattering stage, is renamed a C -simulation framework for high-energy (root sNN 3 GeV) nuclear collisions. A B -simulation framework without partonic rescattering is designed for the high-energy nuclear collisions, too. In addition, an A -simulation framework is introduced for the low -energy (root sNN < 3 GeV) nuclear collisions, which is developed in the hadronic degree of freedom only. In the C -simulation framework, the parton-parton inelastic -scattering processes are implemented, the single -string structure and multiple -string interaction mechanisms are proposed to investigate the strangeness enhancement, and the phenomenological coalescence hadronization model is modified. With the model, the particle yield, transverse momentum distribution, and rapidity distribution resulted from A -simulation framework well reproduce the data measured at the FOPI and E895 experiments, and the results from B- and C -simulation frameworks are well consistent with the data measured at the energies of the BNL Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider and the Large Hadron Collider.