Unveiling mechanisms for induced systemic resistance, resistance breeding and molecular marker-assisted breeding against Phomopsis blight of Solanum melongena

Phomopsis vexans is one of the most destructive fungal pathogens associated with eggplant and currently poses a significant threat to eggplant production worldwide. The detrimental impact of P. vexans on eggplant yield has been extensively explored by various mycologists who have conducted thorough studies on the diversity, pathology and biological aspects of the pathogen. However, achieving enduring resistance or effective management has proven to be a challenge thus far. PCR-based detection and molecular association of Phomopsis resistance use molecular markers to examine the potential for heterosis in various crosses, aiming for premium hybrids with genetic resistance and high-yielding capabilities. The latest genome sequencing methods and availability of a wider range of genetic diversity has enabled the breeding of resistant varieties of eggplant. This review provides a detailed description on P. vexans including its epidemiology, dispersal methods, symptomology, colony characteristics, taxonomy and evolution of its strains. Different resistance breeding techniques including heterosis breeding, host plant resistance, identification of resistant sources, inheritance pattern for Phomopsis resistance, importance of grafting to impart resistance, significance of induced resistance, PCR-based detection and molecular association of Phomopsis resistance are explained. Future approaches include molecular marker techniques such as genome-wide association studies, sequence-characterized amplified regions (SCAR), role of biotic inducers, pathogenesis-related proteins and plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria against Phomopsis blight of eggplant.