Structural Modification and Dielectric Property of Bi-Doped BaTiO₃ (Ba_1-xBi_xTiO₃) Ceramics with co-Precipitation Technique

Bismuth-doped Barium Titanate ferroelectric ceramics (Ba1-xBixTiO3 at x = 0, 0.05, 0.10, 0.15, and 0.20) were effectively synthesized via co-precipitation. The influences of Bi content on their microstructure and dielectric properties were studied using XRD, FTIR, SEM, and LCR meter instruments. XRD and FTIR analyses validated the Bi-doped BaTiO3 formation showing a crystal structure change from tetragonal to cubic due to excess Bi content. The ceramics revealed a dense microstructure enhancing as the higher Bi concentrations, supported by SEM data. All ceramics exhibited a good dielectric constant reaching a maximum at 1898 (x = 0.20) which corresponded to the density.