Forked Vein Structure W/WO_3-x with Dual Active Sites in W and Oxygen Vacancies to Enhance Methylene Self-Coupling for Efficient Conversion of Methane to Ethylene

The directional conversion of methane to ethylene is challenging due to the dissociation of the C & horbar;H bond and the self-coupling of methyl intermediates. Herein, a novel W/WO3-x catalyst with the fork vein structure consisting of an alternating arrangement of WO3-x and W is developed. Impressively, the catalyst achieves an unprecedented C2H4 yield of 1822.73 mu mol g(-1) h(-1), with a selectivity of 82.49%. The enhanced catalytic activity is ascribed to the multifunctional synergistic effect induced by oxygen vacancies and W sites in W/WO3-x. Oxygen vacancies provide abundant coordination of unsaturation sites, which promotes the adsorption and activation of CH4, thus reducing the dissociation energy barrier of the C & horbar;H bond. The CH2 coupling barrier on the metal W surface is significantly lower compared to WO3, so CH2 can migrate to the W site for coupling. Importantly, the W/WO3-x with high periodicity provides multiple ordered local microelectric fields, and CH2 intermediates with dipole moments undergo orientation polarization and displacement polarization driven by the electric field, thus enabling CH2 migration. This work opens a new avenue for the structural design and modulation of photocatalysts, and provides new perspectives on the migration of methylene between multiple active sites.