Effects of wave forces on sediment transport patterns in micro-tidal estuaries

Estuarine sediment transport is driven by the combined action of a multitude of influencing factors, including astronomical tides, waves dynamics, and river discharges. This study focuses on the effects of wave forces on sediment transport patterns in micro-tidal estuaries near Wanbao Beach, China. Numerical simulations are carried out using Delft3D. Modeling scenarios are configured using different wave characteristics, spanning from typical waves to those with a return period of 50 years. Results show that waves have a positive effect on landward sediment transport, resulting a larger active range of sediment. By comparing the spatial geomorphic variations under varying wave conditions, we find that modifications in significant wave height (Hs) primarily impact the position of erosion and deposition zones, whereas alterations in spectral peak period (Tp) predominantly influence the magnitude of these changes. The finding is further demonstrated by a comparison of residual currents under different wave intensities. Analysis of sediment transport rates in different transects indicates that the sediment transport rate is highest at the mouth transects and lowest at the alongshore transects. Moreover, variations in sediment transport rates exhibit distinctive patterns between the two outlet transects, even when subjected to identical wave conditions. The disparities are attributed to differences in runoff and the topographical features in proximity to the estuaries. Additionally, we find the sediment transport rate becomes insensitive to the variations in Hs when Hs is larger than a threshold value. The threshold decreases with increasing Tp.