Submesoscale Variability and Basal Melting in Ice Shelf Cavities of the Amundsen Sea

Melting of ice shelves can energize a wide range of ocean currents, from three-dimensional turbulence to relatively large-scale boundary currents. Here, we conduct high-resolution simulations of the western Amundsen Sea to show that submesoscale eddies are prevalent inside ice shelf cavities. The simulations indicate energetic submesoscale eddies at the top and bottom ocean boundary layers, regions with sharp topographic slopes and strong lateral buoyancy gradients. These eddies play a substantial role in the vertical and lateral (along-isopycnal) heat advection toward the ice shelf base, enhancing the basal melting in all simulated cavities. In turn, the meltwater provides strong buoyancy gradients that energize the submesoscale variability, forming a positive loop that could affect the overall efficiency of heat exchange between the ocean and the ice shelf cavity. Our study implies that submesoscale-induced enhancement of basal melting may be a ubiquitous process that needs to be parameterized in coarse-resolution climate models.