Piezoelectricity and flexoelectricity in biological cells: The role of cell structure and organelles
arxiv(2024)
摘要
Living tissues experience various external forces on cells, influencing their
behaviour, physiology, shape, gene expression, and destiny through interactions
with their environment. Despite much research done in this area, challenges
remain in our better understanding of the behaviour of the cell in response to
external stimuli, including the arrangement, quantity, and shape of organelles
within the cell. This study explores the electromechanical behaviour of
biological cells, including organelles like microtubules, mitochondria, nuclei,
and cell membranes. Two distinct cell structures have been developed to explore
the cell responses to mechanical displacement, resembling actual cell shapes.
The finite element method has been utilized to integrate the linear
piezoelectric and non-local flexoelectric effects accurately. It is found that
the longitudinal stress is absent and only the transverse stress plays a
crucial role when the mechanical load is imposed on the top side of the cell
through compressive displacement. The impact of flexoelectricity is elucidated
by introducing a new parameter called the maximum electric potential ratio
(V_R,max). It has been found that V_R,max depends upon
the orientation angle and shape of the microtubules. Further, the study reveals
that the number of microtubules significantly impacts effective elastic and
piezoelectric coefficients, affecting cell behaviour based on structure,
microtubule orientation, and mechanical stress direction. The insight obtained
from the current study can assist in advancements in medical therapies such as
tissue engineering and regenerative medicine.
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