Algae-based membrane bioreactors: A mini review on their progress and processes for wastewater treatment

Algal-based membrane bioreactors (AMBRs) have recently received extensive research interest as a cutting-edge water and wastewater treatment technology, offering potential advantages including cost-effectiveness over other conventional processes. Algal membrane removal processes combine physical filtration, adsorption, and biological degradation to provide efficient pollutant removal from water sources, mainly combined activated sludge processing, making AMBRs a significant tool in wastewater treatment. However, there have been many challenges in the design, development, and processing of algal membranes, such as membrane material selection, membrane layout, hydraulic condition optimization, and, most importantly, fouling. Overcoming these obstacles is critical for increasing the performance and durability of algal-based membranes. The future prospects for algal membrane bioreactors include incorporating advanced treatment methods, such as membrane bioreactors and forward osmosis, to improve water quality and resource recovery. Furthermore, developing nanomaterials and improved production techniques allows for future developments in algal-based membrane bioreactors. This study takes an in-depth examination of AMBRs, focusing exclusively on their removal mechanisms, fabrication obstacles, future prospects, and manufacturing techniques. This study also discusses useful insights into the existing state of art problems, and future possibilities of algal-based membrane bioreactors, emphasizing its promise as a sustainable and effective water treatment and resource management technology.