Three-dimensional cobalt-nitrogen-co doped carbon shells encapsulated NiFe-LDH as an advanced sensing platform for real-time electrochemical analysis of rutin

In this work, we designed a metal-organic framework (MOF) derived cobalt nanoparticles encapsulated nitrogenrich carbon with nickel iron-layered double hydroxide (Co-NC@NiFe-LDH) for real time electrochemical analysis of the antioxidant flavonoid-rutin (RUT). The prepared composite was examined by various analytical techniques, cyclic voltammetry, and differential pulse voltammetry. A glassy carbon electrode (GCE) modified with Co-NC@NiFe-LDH (Co-NC@NiFe-LDH/GCE) exhibited superior response for RUT along with excellent reproducibility, sensitivity, and selectivity which is attributed to the synergistic effects between the Co-NC and NiFeLDH, and enable excellent electron transfer across the electrode-electrolyte interface. The Co-NC@NiFe-LDH/ GCE responds linearly to RUT concentrations of 0.01 - 20.10 mu M and 20.10 - 267.31 mu M, with a limit of detection (LOD) and higher sensitivity of 5 nM and 11.898 mu A mu M-1 cm-2, respectively. These exceptional features of Co-NC@NiFe-LDH arise from its significant active sites, substantial surface area, and excellent electrolyte accessibility. The Co-NC@NiFe-LDH/GCE offers improved stability, with the initial oxidation peak current decreasing by <= 5% over 25 days of air exposure. The sensor demonstrated substantial recovery levels of 96.99 98.70%, 96.15 - 99.76%, and 97.86 - 99.74% for real-time analyses of serum, urine, and medicinal samples. This study paves the way for advanced sensing platforms in biomedicine and clinical applications, capitalizing on nanohybrid design.