Ultrasound assisted biogenic synthesis of Palladium nanoparticles using Cocculus hirsutus leaf extract: Antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory and catalytic activities

We have synthesized palladium nanoparticles (PdNPs) from aqueous leaf extract of Cocculus hirsutus (CH) by ultra-sonication in an easy, non-toxic, and eco-friendly manner. PdNPs synthesized were analyzed using UV–vis, FT-IR, powder XRD, TEM, and DLS instruments. From UV–vis spectra, the Surface Plasmon Resonance (SPR) signal indicated that the formation of PdNPs. The synthesized PdNPs shows spherical shape, crystalline and polydispersibility nature with a mean particle size of 10±3 nm was observed from XRD and TEM. FTIR analysis reveals the active role of phenolic constituents from CH leaf extract in reduction and surface functionalization of nanoparticles. The stability of the PdNPs was assessed by devious the Zeta potential analysis. The as-prepared PdNPs showed antibacterial efficacy (maximum zone of inhibition is 11.20 mm for S. typhimurium) and antifungal efficacy (maximum zone of inhibition is 32.80 mm for C. albicans) against disease causing human pathogens, strong anti-inflammatory activity for BSA denaturation and blistering catalytic activity against 4-NP reduction up to 5 cycles (6 min; 100 % reduction, rate constant is 0.532 min−1). The potency of the anti-inflammatory activity was found to be 90 % using PdNPs against the standard drug Diclofenac sodium (90 %) for 500 µg/mL. The above mentioned activities were used to evaluate the effectiveness of the PdNPs in treating bacterial, inflammation related conditions and also as an effective catalyst in wastewater treatment.