Characteristics of CaS distribution and formation mechanism in blast furnace hearth

As the main occurrence form of sulfur element in blast furnace hearth, high content of CaS within the blast furnace hearth have a certain impact on low-carbon smelting of blast furnace. In this paper, the micromorphology and distribution of CaS in the hearth area are studied by scanning electron microscopy and industrial CT, and the formation process of CaS in the deadman is clarified by drilling core samples of residual iron in the hearth of 3200 m3 blast furnace in China. The research results indicate that CaS in the hearth is mainly formed by slag-coke interface reaction and slag-iron interface reaction. Based on an analysis of the relative difficulty of these two pathways, it was observed that CaS is more readily generated through the slag-coke interface reaction. Based on the analysis of the difficulty of the two generation paths, it is found that CaS in the blast furnace hearth is more easily generated through slag coke interface reaction. The CaS particles generated in the hearth take the slag as the growth matrix, and with the flow of slag and iron and the renewal of the deadman coke, they are finally enriched and precipitated in the edge area of the deadman in the form of agglomerates. Based on the formation mechanism of CaS in the hearth, it is analyzed that the formation of CaS aggregates in the hearth is mainly affected by three factors: sulfur load, slag basicity and hearth temperature. This study provides a certain theoretical reference and guidance for steel enterprises aiming to reduce fuel consumption and achieve green production practices.