Review of flexible multimode sensing techniques and their decoupling principles for smart fisheries

Flexible sensors are widely used in human and animal health assessment due to their excellent biocompatibility and stretchability. Fisheries health assessment for complex application scenarios usually requires expensive instruments for analysis, undoubtedly increasing the complexity and reducing the efficiency of the system. This review focuses on employing flexible multimodal sensing systems for precise detection or monitoring of parameter responses in aquatic environments. It analyzes parameters characterizing the health status of aquatic animals in various scenarios, from representation to perception of information to decision modeling. Additionally, it explores the mechanisms of flexible multimodal sensing for detecting these parameters and delves into the challenges of parameter crosstalk and decoupling. Subsequently, discussing a multi-scale dynamic model for accurately recognizing the life state of aquatic animals concerning the multi-scale spatio-temporal evolution process of aquatic life feature decay. Lastly, discussing the challenges and future development trends of flexible multimode sensing systems.