DHT-based GFDM and STC-GFDM systems for beyond 5G wireless networks

This manuscript endeavours an exploration of Generalized Frequency Division Multiplexing (GFDM) as a promising alternative to the Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) in next -generation cellular networks. GFDM's exceptional performance in minimizing out -of -band emissions (OOBE) and maximizing spectral efficiency (SE) makes it a compelling candidate, especially when integrated with Multi -Input MultiOutput (MIMO) technology to enhance reliability through spatial diversity. However, ensuring GFDM's resilience against frequency -selective channels (FSCs), especially in low -latency scenarios, is crucial. This research investigates Discrete Hartley Transform (DHT) based GFDM and Space -Time Coded GFDM (STC-GFDM) systems, proposing a comprehensive framework to enhance performance metrics such as Bit Error Rate (BER) and Achievable Rate (AR). Further enhancements are achieved through a Minimum BERPower Allocation (MBER-PA) strategy, optimizing BER and AR in QAM-based GFDM and STC-GFDM systems employing a DHT precoding scheme. Analytical expressions for BER and AR are derived and validated via Monte Carlo simulations. Additionally, a comparative analysis against traditional GFDM systems is conducted, evaluating metrics including Peak -to -Average Power Ratio (PAPR), BER, and AR.