A Comprehensive Pharmacological Review of Atractylodes Macrocephala: Traditional Uses, Phytochemistry, Pharmacokinetics, And Therapeutic Potential

Introduction Atractylodes macrocephala (AMP) is a medicinal herb deeply rooted in traditional Chinese medicine, particularly in East Asia. Its rich history of therapeutic use has prompted scientific exploration to unveil its potential pharmacological benefits. Methods We used Web of Science, Google Scholar, Baidu Scholar, Springer, PubMed, SciFinder, and ScienceDirect as search engines. A library search was also conducted to find peer-reviewed journal articles, classic Chinese herbal medicine books, doctoral and master's degree dissertations, and toxicology conference papers. Atractylodes macrocephala, secondary metabolites, pharmacology, biological activity, ethnobotanical survey, safety, quality control, toxicity, and other associated terms were the key sentences that were employed. Information on the subspecies and cultivars of AM and the scientific names was verified using the Plant List (www.theplantlist.org) database. We retrieved and utilized for the review 70 articles.  Results AMP contains a diverse array of bioactive compounds, including sesquiterpenes, flavonoids, polysaccharides, and essential oils. These compounds contribute to its various pharmacological effects, including anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, antiemetic, and immunomodulatory activities. The presence of these bioactive compounds aligns with their traditional use in treating gastrointestinal ailments and immune-related disorders. Pharmacokinetic assessment reveals efficient absorption and distribution of these compounds in the body, further supporting their therapeutic potential. Discussion Despite the promising findings, further research is needed to explore the synergistic interactions and mechanisms of action of AMP's bioactive compounds. Additionally, investigations into optimal dosing regimens and potential adverse effects are imperative to ensure its safe and effective utilization in modern medical practices. Clinical trials and mechanistic studies are essential to fully unlocking the therapeutic potential of AMP and facilitating its integration into mainstream healthcare.