Risk factors and prevalence of human papillomavirus-related secondary oral and oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma in patients following allogeneic stem cell transplant for hematological malignancies
Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Medicine, and Pathology(2024)
Abstract
Objective
Allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplants are associated with a greater susceptibility to secondary malignancies. The present study examines the prevalence and risk factors of developing secondary oral and oropharyngeal cancer.
Material and methods
This was a chart review of 286 allogeneic stem cell transplant recipients treated at a large Health Center, with a mean follow-up time of 5 years. The eligibility included adults who underwent allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplants between October 2016 and June 2021.
Results
Two hundred eighty-six charts were reviewed of them: leukemia (65%), aplastic anemia (10%), and lymphoma (9%). 57 (20%) developed secondary cancers Five cases of the secondary cancers (8.8%) were oral squamous cell carcinoma, and three were human papillomavirus-related. Graft versus host disease occurred in 77.1% and 100% of oral/oropharyngeal cancers. About 50% across the groups had a history of smoking. graft versus host disease, immunosuppression, and smoking. The risk factors for secondary oral/oropharyngeal cancer; chronic graft versus host disease, immunosuppression, and smoking were not statistically significant.
Conclusions
These findings support the recommendation for increased follow-up time and close monitoring of hematopoietic stem cell transplant recipients for secondary oral/oropharyngeal malignancies. The involvement of the human papillomavirus in these cases should be further investigated.
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Key words
Stem cell transplant,Secondary malignancy,Oral cancer,Oropharyngeal cancer
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