Adaptive robust control for fuzzy underactuated mechanical systems: A Stackelberg game-theoretic optimization approach

This article proposes a Stackelberg game -theoretic optimization approach for adaptive robust controller design of fuzzy underactuated mechanical systems (UMSs). As a commonly encountered challenge, several factors render it difficult to further improve the control performance of these UMSs, such as the coupling effects and nonlinearities resulting from the underactuated structure. Meanwhile, various sources of unexpected time -varying uncertainties can further add to the difficulty in the controller design procedure pipeline. To overcome the above -mentioned issues and further enhance the system performance, a dual -parameter optimization framework is presented here for adaptive robust controller design, leveraging fuzzy set theory and Stackelberg game. In this development, the time -varying uncertainty is characterized via suitable membership functions; and thus the appropriate fuzzy UMS is established. Then, an adaptive robust controller with a leakage -type adaptation law is presented to tackle the uncertainty appropriately. To further improve the system performance considering the trade-off among the transient performance; the steady-state performance; and the control cost; a Stackelberg game -based dual -parameter optimization method is proposed to determine the Stackelberg strategy. It is rigorously proved in the developments here that the proposed controller design and parameters optimization method guarantees the desired deterministic system performance, i.e., uniform boundedness (UB) and uniform ultimate boundedness (UUB). Moreover, a series of numerical simulations based on a flywheel inverted pendulum (FIP) are performed, which illustrate the effectiveness and superiority of the proposed method.