Tungsten doping effect on bismuth vanadate (W-doped BiVO4) under visible-light irradiation for photocatalysis

Photocatalysis (PC) wastewater treatment has received significant attention in recent years due to its potential applications in purified water, environmental remediation, degradation of organic pollutants in wastewater, and water splitting. In this research, a simple hydrothermal method was used to synthesize tungsten-doped bismuth vanadate (W-doped BiVO4) photocatalyst with dopant concentrations of 0, 0.5, 1.0, 2.0, and 3.0 wt