Effects of hydronephrosis on the surgical outcomes of fluoroscopically guided supine percutaneous nephrolithotomy

Purpose To evaluate the effect of hydronephrosis on operation success and the development of complications in supine percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL). Methods A total 259 patients were included in the study who underwent supine PCNL in our clinic between September 2019 and November 2023. The patients were divided into four groups: normal, mild, moderate and severe, according to their preoperative hydronephrosis degrees. Demographic data, kidney stone characteristics, clinical aspects, surgical findings, and postoperative complications were compared across groups. Results In terms of American Society of Anesthesiologists score, stone-free rate, operation time, fluoroscopy time, and Clavien–Dindo classification grades, a statistically significant difference was found between the hydronephrosis groups. The stone-free rate in the normal, mild, moderate, and severe groups was 86.6, 82.5, 76.0, and 61.5, respectively. The severe hydronephrosis group varied statistically substantially from the other hydronephrosis groups in terms of stone-free rate, according to the post-hoc analysis. In terms of Clavien–Dindo classification grades, the severe hydronephrosis group varied statistically significantly from the normal and mild hydronephrosis groups ( p values 0.04, 0.02, respectively). In terms of Clavien–Dindo classification grades, no statistically significant difference was seen between the severe and moderate hydronephrosis groups ( p = 0.085). Conclusion The findings of this study demonstrated that the existence of hydronephrosis was a predictive factor for the occurrence of complications and decreased the success rate of supine PCNL. Furthermore, univariate and multivariate analyses showed that the presence of hydronephrosis was a predictive factor for PCNL success and the development of complications.