Association of prognostic nutritional index with peripheral artery disease in US adults: a cross-sectional study

Background The objective of this study was to investigate the relationship between the prognostic nutritional index (PNI) and peripheral artery disease (PAD). Methods The present study is a cross-sectional study based on the National Health and Nutrition Survey (1999–2004). The laboratory-calculated PNI was divided into four groups based on quartiles(Q1:PNI ≤ 50.00; Q2: 50.01–53.00; Q3:53.01–56.00; Q4: > 56.00). PAD was defined as an ankle brachial pressure index (ABPI) ≤ 0.9 on the left or right. The relationship between PNI and PAD was examined using multifactor weighted logistic regression analysis, as well as subgroup analysis. Subgroup analyses were conducted based on demographic and clinical variables. Results A total of 5,447 individuals were included in our final analysis. The age of the participants was 59.56 ± 13.10 years, and males accounted for 52.8% ( n = 2820). The prevalence of PAD was 6.7% ( n = 363). After adjusting for all factors, participants with Q1 still had an increased risk of PAD, with an OR value of 1.593 and a 95% CI of 1.232–1.991. Subgroup analysis showed no significant interaction among multiple factors. Conclusions In summary, we report that lower PNI are associated with a higher risk of PAD in US adults. It is hoped that this discovery can provide a reference for the prevention of PAD.