TP53 gain-of-function mutations promote osimertinib resistance via TNF-α–NF-κB signaling in EGFR -mutated lung cancer

EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) are effective against EGFR -mutated lung cancer, but tumors eventually develop resistance to these drugs. Although TP53 gain-of-function (GOF) mutations promote carcinogenesis, their effect on EGFR-TKI efficacy has remained unclear. We here established EGFR -mutated lung cancer cell lines that express wild-type (WT) or various mutant p53 proteins with CRISPR-Cas9 technology and found that TP53 -GOF mutations promote early development of resistance to the EGFR-TKI osimertinib associated with sustained activation of ERK and expression of c-Myc. Gene expression analysis revealed that osimertinib activates TNF-α–NF-κB signaling specifically in TP53 -GOF mutant cells. In such cells, osimertinib promoted interaction of p53 with the NF-κB subunit p65, translocation of the resulting complex to the nucleus and its binding to the TNF promoter, and TNF-α production. Concurrent treatment of TP53 -GOF mutant cells with the TNF-α inhibitor infliximab suppressed acquisition of osimertinib resistance as well as restored osimertinib sensitivity in resistant cells in association with attenuation of ERK activation and c-Myc expression. Our findings indicate that induction of TNF-α expression by osimertinib in TP53 -GOF mutant cells contributes to the early development of osimertinib resistance, and that TNF-α inhibition may therefore be an effective strategy to overcome such resistance in EGFR -mutant lung cancer with TP53 -GOF mutations.