Colloidal Zeta Potential Modulation as a Handle to Control the Crystallization Kinetics of Tin Halide Perovskites for Photovoltaic Applications.

Junfang Wang, Junjie Huang,Muhammad Abdel-Shakour,Tianhua Liu,Xu Wang, Yongle Pan,Lixia Wang, Enhao Cui,Jin-Song Hu,Shihe Yang,Xiangyue Meng

Angewandte Chemie (International ed. in English)(2024)

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Abstract
Tin halide perovskites (THPs) have demonstrated exceptional potential for various applications owing to their low toxicity and excellent optoelectronic properties. However, the crystallization kinetics of THPs are less controllable than its lead counterpart because of the higher Lewis acidity of Sn2+, leading to THP films with poor morphology and rampant defects. Here, a colloidal zeta potential modulation approach is developed to improve the crystallization kinetics of THP films inspired by the classical Derjaguin-Landau-Verwey-Overbeek (DLVO) theory. After adding 3-aminopyrrolidine dihydro iodate (APDI2) in the precursor solution to change the zeta potential of the pristine colloids, the total interaction potential energy between colloidal particles with APDI2 could be controllably reduced, resulting in a higher coagulation probability and a lower critical nuclei concentration. In situ laser light scattering measurements confirmed the increased nucleation rate of the THP colloids with APDI2. The resulting film with APDI2 shows a pinhole-free morphology with fewer defects, achieving an impressive efficiency of 15.13 %.
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Key words
zeta potential,crystallization kinetics,lead-free,tin halide perovskite,solar cell
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