Immunological Evaluation of Winter Triticale Varieties to Pyrenophora tritici-repentis and Puccinia triticina under the Conditions of the South of Russia

The research was carried out to identify varieties of winter triticale that are resistant to North Caucasian populations of brown rust and yellow leaf spot in different phases of ontogenesis. The experiments were performed in 2020–2022 in the Krasnodar krai under conditions of an artificial infectious background. The material for the study was 12 varieties of winter triticale of domestic selection. Michigan Amber varieties were used as a control for leaf rust susceptibility, and the Tanya variety was used for yellow leaf spot. The degree of damage to the control variety by leaf rust during the years of research was 80%, by yellow leaf spot in 2021 it was 55%, and in 2022 it was 60%. On average, over two years, 8% of the studied varieties were highly resistant to the pathogen of yellow leaf spot, 67% were moderately resistant and 25% were moderately susceptible and susceptible. Fifty percent of varieties were absolutely resistant to leaf rust, 17% were highly resistant, and 33% were moderately susceptible and susceptible. The varieties Arioso, Iliya, Slon and Khleborob were of particular interest since they were absolutely resistant to leaf rust (plants without signs of damage) and moderately resistant to yellow leaf spot (degree of damage from 15 to 25%). The Stewart variety also proved to be highly resistant to both pathogens (degree of damage by leaf rust was 5%, yellow spot was 10%). Varieties with group resistance are promising for cultivation in the southern region of the Russian Federation, which has favorable climatic conditions for the development of leaf rust and yellow leaf spot.