Responses in the left and right entopallium are differently affected by light stimulation in embryo

Sensory stimulation during the prenatal period has been argued to be a main factor in establishing asymmetry in the vertebrate brain. However, though largely studied in behavior and neuroanatomy, nothing is known on the effects of light stimulation in embryo on the activities of single neurons. We performed single -unit recordings from the left and right entopallium of darkand light -incubated chicks, following ipsi-, contra-, and bilateral visual stimulation. Light incubation increased the general responsiveness of visual neurons in both the left and the right entopallium. Entopallial responses were clearly lateralized in dark -incubated chicks, which showed a general right -hemispheric dominance. This could be suppressed or inverted after light incubation, revealing the presence of both spontaneous and light -dependent asymmetries. These results suggest that asymmetry in single -neuron activity is present at the onset and can be modulated by environmental stimuli such as light exposure in embryos.