Scaling quantum computing with dynamic circuits
arxiv(2024)
摘要
Quantum computers process information with the laws of quantum mechanics.
Current quantum hardware is noisy, can only store information for a short time,
and is limited to a few quantum bits, i.e., qubits, typically arranged in a
planar connectivity. However, many applications of quantum computing require
more connectivity than the planar lattice offered by the hardware on more
qubits than is available on a single quantum processing unit (QPU). Here we
overcome these limitations with error mitigated dynamic circuits and
circuit-cutting to create quantum states requiring a periodic connectivity
employing up to 142 qubits spanning multiple QPUs connected in real-time with a
classical link. In a dynamic circuit, quantum gates can be classically
controlled by the outcomes of mid-circuit measurements within run-time, i.e.,
within a fraction of the coherence time of the qubits. Our real-time classical
link allows us to apply a quantum gate on one QPU conditioned on the outcome of
a measurement on another QPU which enables a modular scaling of quantum
hardware. Furthermore, the error mitigated control-flow enhances qubit
connectivity and the instruction set of the hardware thus increasing the
versatility of our quantum computers. Dynamic circuits and quantum modularity
are thus key to scale quantum computers and make them useful.
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