Real Time Measurement and Analysis of 4G and 5G Spectrum Occupancy in Andhra Pradesh and Telangana - India

In this paper, we show and study the activity of the different frequency bands of Long Term Evolution (LTE) and New Radio (NR) i.e., 4G and 5G networks in Andhra Pradesh (Bhimavaram) and Telangana (Hyderabad) states, India. The study is based on real-world measurement data collected from various sources in both urban and rural areas. This experimental and analytical study also reveals a significant variation in spectrum occupancy between urban and rural areas. In urban areas, both 4G and 5G networks face high spectrum occupancy due to the high density of users and devices. On the other hand, in rural areas, 4G networks occupy a higher percentage of available spectrum, while 5G networks have relatively lower spectrum occupancy due to limited deployment. The spectrum occupancy percentage is based on traffic conditions. This paper concludes that efficient spectrum management and allocation policies are crucial for successfully deploying 5G and beyond cellular networks.